Scope of Anticorruptology
Anticorruptology
02
May
2016 12:11
Anticorruptology refers to the study of anticorruption process. All ingredients of anticorruptology are included in this process. Primarily, it attempts to analyze and interpret various sectors of corruption. The principles of anticorruptology are developed with theoretical and practical analysis of these sectors. This science studies the areas of anticorruptology. This science provides guidelines for practical application of just principles of anticorruptology. The laws and by-laws are the practical aspects of anticorruptology.
In this way, the scope of anticorruptology determines its nature, contents and limitations.
It is an in-depth and analytical knowledge about human behavior, conduct and traits. The nature of this knowledge is divided into two aspects; theory and practice.
a. Theory:
It is a series of knowledge which can be studied sequentially. It can also be called a science. Science is the method of studying proven knowledge about some subjects. The scientific formulae are called theory. Science is a method of providing authentic proof based on principle.
b. Practice:
Practice is a way of doing something which is also known as art. The art itself provides aesthetic value to human life and society. That’s why the significance of art has been tied up with human life and human behavior. Practice is linked with art.
Anticorruptology as a science:
Anticorruptology is a science. Science means series of sequential knowledge and its study. It is guided by procedure and specific rules. Science is universal. The laws of physics are its example. Science establishes relationship between cause and effect. Anticorruptology establishes relationship between cause and effect of human trait, nature, behavior, social, financial activities and conducts. Therefore it is a social science.
Anticorruptology as an art:
It is also an art. Art provides knowledge about working procedure, policy formulation and practical aspect of life and society. It suggests methods to solve the problems that are created against social norms, conducts and rules. It practically helps to improve the physical and non-physical state of humans. Anticorruptology that gives practical knowledge is also an art.
It is difficult to define and analyze whether anticorruptology is science or art only. As a science it formulates anti-corruption policies to solve various problems which are created against social norms and values. In this way, anticorruptology accustoms the people with practical methodology along with providing theoretical knowledge. Thus, it is both science and art. That’s why, conglomeration of science and art is the nature of anticorruptology.
2. Subject matter of anticorruptology:
The subject matter of anticorruptology is determined as per present definition. But while looking from the point of view of its subject matter, we have two approaches.
a. Traditional approach:
From traditional approach, the subject matter of anticorruptology relates to attempts to curb corrupt behavior in human beings. It can be enumerated as follows.
Corrupt people are sinners and those sinners can’t be dear to God. They can’t set their foot in the path heaven due to their sinful activities. Corruption must not be done if somebody wants to go to heaven. It had been written in almost all religious scriptures. That is why, people did not commit corruption.
ii. Control of social values:
People from diverse background live in society and develop relationship with one another. They are tied with each other based on social norms, value, culture, and so on. Corrupt activities committed by one person are clearly seen and experienced by another person and the corrupt person is derided by the society. Due to this reason also, such types of corrupt and criminal behaviours are condemned. A civilized society doesn’t allow any kind of social crime. Therefore, social norms, value and culture help control such types of corrupt situation.
iii. Control by family and community:
Family and communities are small units of society. The corrupt persons are easily identified in this small social unit. Such types of persons feel afraid of contempt from their own family and community. Thus they become alert on such corrupt conduct and try to avoid such misconducts.
iv. Control by human virtue:
Human virtue is a good conduct based on rule and culture of people. Human characters like honesty, sincerity, faithfulness and conscience deter people to committing corrupt conduct. Actually a human being is controlled by virtue of his own virtues. He has to be controlled as well by laws. Only after that, a man turns out to be human.
v. Control by ruler:
The corrupt and immoral behaviors are controlled by state rulers. History has shown that the supreme person or agency of state is always against corruption. Therefore, anti-corrupt activities are said to be traditionally practiced as a movement.
b. Modern Approach:
People are gradually becoming individualistic in modern age. The humanistic principle is slowly shrinking from society to community, community to family, family to self. The interest of people in social responsibility, norms and values is decreasing day by day. What types of norms and values are to be established in society? What type of society is being created? How the community and family are responding to the social values? What is the responsibility of family and community? This type of individualistic feeling has started in society and it has gradually become deep-rooted. This individualistic thought rapidly makes a person, community and social circumstance corrupt. Eventually it creates discrimination in almost all aspects of society. It is an enemy of human being and human development. Such type of thought has to be dismissed. So, the following concepts have to be accepted.
To exercise good governance in a country, there should be timely action from the authorized agency according to law. We can’t imagine good governance until there exists corruption in legislature and executive body of a state. Therefore, policies, rules and laws have to be completely followed to advance good governance. (The detailed discussion of this concept has been done in the chapter ‘Good Governance’)
ii. Legal state:
The concept of legal state was developed in present democratic system with the realization of its necessity in modern era. (The detail discussion of it has been done under ‘Good Governance’)
In this way, the scope of anticorruptology determines its nature, contents and limitations.
- Nature of anticorruptology,
- Subject matter of anticorruptology,
- Limitations of anticorruptology.
It is an in-depth and analytical knowledge about human behavior, conduct and traits. The nature of this knowledge is divided into two aspects; theory and practice.
a. Theory:
It is a series of knowledge which can be studied sequentially. It can also be called a science. Science is the method of studying proven knowledge about some subjects. The scientific formulae are called theory. Science is a method of providing authentic proof based on principle.
b. Practice:
Practice is a way of doing something which is also known as art. The art itself provides aesthetic value to human life and society. That’s why the significance of art has been tied up with human life and human behavior. Practice is linked with art.
Anticorruptology as a science:
Anticorruptology is a science. Science means series of sequential knowledge and its study. It is guided by procedure and specific rules. Science is universal. The laws of physics are its example. Science establishes relationship between cause and effect. Anticorruptology establishes relationship between cause and effect of human trait, nature, behavior, social, financial activities and conducts. Therefore it is a social science.
Anticorruptology as an art:
It is also an art. Art provides knowledge about working procedure, policy formulation and practical aspect of life and society. It suggests methods to solve the problems that are created against social norms, conducts and rules. It practically helps to improve the physical and non-physical state of humans. Anticorruptology that gives practical knowledge is also an art.
It is difficult to define and analyze whether anticorruptology is science or art only. As a science it formulates anti-corruption policies to solve various problems which are created against social norms and values. In this way, anticorruptology accustoms the people with practical methodology along with providing theoretical knowledge. Thus, it is both science and art. That’s why, conglomeration of science and art is the nature of anticorruptology.
2. Subject matter of anticorruptology:
The subject matter of anticorruptology is determined as per present definition. But while looking from the point of view of its subject matter, we have two approaches.
a. Traditional approach:
From traditional approach, the subject matter of anticorruptology relates to attempts to curb corrupt behavior in human beings. It can be enumerated as follows.
- Demarcation between righteousness and sin,
- Control of social values,
- Control by family and community,
- Control by human virtue,
- Control by ruler.
Corrupt people are sinners and those sinners can’t be dear to God. They can’t set their foot in the path heaven due to their sinful activities. Corruption must not be done if somebody wants to go to heaven. It had been written in almost all religious scriptures. That is why, people did not commit corruption.
ii. Control of social values:
People from diverse background live in society and develop relationship with one another. They are tied with each other based on social norms, value, culture, and so on. Corrupt activities committed by one person are clearly seen and experienced by another person and the corrupt person is derided by the society. Due to this reason also, such types of corrupt and criminal behaviours are condemned. A civilized society doesn’t allow any kind of social crime. Therefore, social norms, value and culture help control such types of corrupt situation.
iii. Control by family and community:
Family and communities are small units of society. The corrupt persons are easily identified in this small social unit. Such types of persons feel afraid of contempt from their own family and community. Thus they become alert on such corrupt conduct and try to avoid such misconducts.
iv. Control by human virtue:
Human virtue is a good conduct based on rule and culture of people. Human characters like honesty, sincerity, faithfulness and conscience deter people to committing corrupt conduct. Actually a human being is controlled by virtue of his own virtues. He has to be controlled as well by laws. Only after that, a man turns out to be human.
v. Control by ruler:
The corrupt and immoral behaviors are controlled by state rulers. History has shown that the supreme person or agency of state is always against corruption. Therefore, anti-corrupt activities are said to be traditionally practiced as a movement.
b. Modern Approach:
People are gradually becoming individualistic in modern age. The humanistic principle is slowly shrinking from society to community, community to family, family to self. The interest of people in social responsibility, norms and values is decreasing day by day. What types of norms and values are to be established in society? What type of society is being created? How the community and family are responding to the social values? What is the responsibility of family and community? This type of individualistic feeling has started in society and it has gradually become deep-rooted. This individualistic thought rapidly makes a person, community and social circumstance corrupt. Eventually it creates discrimination in almost all aspects of society. It is an enemy of human being and human development. Such type of thought has to be dismissed. So, the following concepts have to be accepted.
- Good governance,
- Legal state.
To exercise good governance in a country, there should be timely action from the authorized agency according to law. We can’t imagine good governance until there exists corruption in legislature and executive body of a state. Therefore, policies, rules and laws have to be completely followed to advance good governance. (The detailed discussion of this concept has been done in the chapter ‘Good Governance’)
ii. Legal state:
The concept of legal state was developed in present democratic system with the realization of its necessity in modern era. (The detail discussion of it has been done under ‘Good Governance’)