Characteristics of Developed and Developing Countries
Anticorruptology
28
Apr
2016 11:33
The countries that are underdeveloped, developing, developed and highly developed can be broadly categorized into two main forms as follows:
A. Developed Countries
B. Developing Countries
Let us analyze their characteristics from the view point of anticorruptology. Anticorruptology should prescribe policy by looking at the characteristics of these two categories which are as follows:
A. Characteristics of Developed Countries:-
1. Agricultural and Industrial Development,
2. Modern technology and Proper Management,
3. Control overpopulation and Employment management,
4. Controlled Market and Financial Growth,
5. Establishment of Constitutional State.
1. Agricultural and Industrial Development:-
In the developed countries, both agricultural and industrial sectors are developed and well established. The use of modern tools and techniques of agricultural practice have made them developed. They have built all kinds of infrastructures. Europe and America fall under this category.
2. Modern Techniques and Proper Management:-
Those countries in which modern techniques and proper management are used, have developed. They ensure to make development of the road and electricity. Appropriate techniques are developed and efficient management applies them in good use.
3. Control overpopulation and employment management:-
The developed countries control the population growth so that all adults could be provided jobs. For small population employment facility can be provided. All the citizens get employed according to their qualification and working capacity. These countries import human resources to make up the gap. The developed countries decide fixed wages for workers.
4. Controlled Market and Economic Growth:-
The key to the developed countries is controlled market and economic growth. Goods are easily accessible in the market and their fixed price helps to control corruption. Good market facility is available in developed country.
5. Establishment of Constitutional State:-
In the developed countries, law is strictly enforced and active. Where there is proper management of law, then is a developed country. In this type of system, law is regarded as the guardian of citizens. Law is equal for all people.
B. Characteristics of Developing Countries:-
The countries which have weak economy and lack of development of industries are considered developing countries. They belong to the continents like Latin America, Africa and Asia. In the developing countries, there are natural resources but there is no proper utilization. These countries are exploited by the developed countries. Per-capita income of a person is very low in the developing countries .Citizens have to face the problems like unemployment, improper education, health, nutritional diet and good shelter. Developing countries have following types of characteristics:-
1. Agro-based Profession,
2. Traditional Technologies,
3. Poverty and lack of capital,
4. High Population Growth Rate,
5. Unemployment,
6. Mass Poverty,
7. Discrimination in the Income,
8. Development of Uncontrolled Market,
9. Influence of foreign non-governmental Organizations,
10. Irresponsible community,
11. Institutionalized Corruption,
12. Antinationalist activities of political parties and leaders.
1. Agro-based Profession:
People of developing countries mostly depend upon agriculture. Their main source of income is agriculture. The farmers usually live in the villages. They are poorer than those who live in the town. All the farm products are to be sold in the market; and, in the market, traders exploit the farmers. That’s why, people working in the agriculture sector have not been able to raise their income.
2. Traditional Technology:
The developing countries do not change the technologies used in the past. To adopt the modern technology, people need fresh thinking. People who have low income cannot afford modern technology. That’s why people can’t leave the traditional method. Traditional technology does not help to get rich.
3. Poverty and Lack of capital:
Poverty means the lack of basic resource to meet needs. And lack of capital means no saving. According to the economic principle capital is the source of increasing production. Capital depends upon saving and saving depends upon income. In the developing countries. There is less chance of saving. That’s why; the man who cannot save money becomes poor. A poor person does not have capital.
4. High Population Growth Rate:-
There is no control of population growth in the developing countries. Due to the lack of education and awareness people procreate a large number of children. It leads to increase population growth. Income sources of those countries cannot afford high number of population. Finally, in those societies poverty surfaces. And people think about illegal and corrupt ways.
5. Unemployment:-
Unemployment means that the persons who are eligible work have not got any job. The main problem of developing countries is unemployment. People are ready to work but are not provided job. So, they are moving to other countries for employment. Citizens going abroad is not good for the country. If the rate of unemployment is increased, the people may not follow the pressure of moral dictum.
6. Mass Poverty:-
The main problem of the developing countries is mass poverty. There are no any further steps and processes taken in order to get rid of poverty. Due to poverty, people change their behaviours and attitude which finally lead them to corruption.
7. Discrimination in the Income:-
In the context of developing countries, people face discrimination in income. Firstly there is lack of jobs. Secondly even if the job is available, there is no enough salary. So, the people have to face the poverty problem. There will be discrimination of salary/payment in which one may get less salary than others, due to this situation, the environments of zero trust can be created in the society increasing the frustration and bad will.
8. Development of Uncontrolled Market
In the developing countries, market development is not in controlled way. As the market is captured or taken under by the active people, why, the total capacity and fixed prices of different goods are not fixed. If the market is not in controlled condition, the consumers have to face economic load. On the other hand the dealer/retailer/shopkeeper tends to have unrightfully economy. Because of these reasons, many people are poor in the developing countries.
9. Influence of foreign non-governmental organizations:-
Foreign Non-governmental organizations exercise unfair influence over the developing states. They try to alter the entire life-style of the people by changing their religion, culture and tradition. All people in the world are surviving according to their own values and norms. Foreign country should not interfere the culture, values and norms accepted by any one state or the society. But, the changing of one’s own values, religion and cultural conditions has begun because of the direct colonization over the developing territories by the non-governmental institutions of the advanced sides. It creates a lot of conflict tension in the poor countries.
10. Irresponsible community:-
The responsible community for the development of the society should be active through their organization. The community should be wholly responsible and accountable to the society from whom the community was formed. The communities should be responsible for all the activities performed by them. It is very difficult to organize and operate such community in the developing countries. This is the reason why all the irresponsible sections of the people are powerful as the spokes men. Not only in social, economic and political arenas, but also in all the fields of the state such as public administration, the majority of irresponsible persons are effectual. This is the obstacle against the progress of the people and the land.
11. Institutionalized Corruption:-
Corruption can develop itself as the institutionalized form in the developing districts. Corruption has been in the institutionalized form where more than single folks make partnership to corrupt. Similarly, corruption surfaces by forming any law or decision of political leaders that leaves the impression as the institutional corruption. The business/commercial offices or agents of advanced side are dominating to the poor states by building commercial network in the developing countries. The selfish and clever agents of these dominated states can exploit the general people by conducting the law to use corruption over the country, people and the nationality.
12. Antinational activities of political leaders and parties:-
Antinational activities of political parties or political leaders in the developing nations can be waxed highly in uncontrolled forms. That can prevail every decision of political parties and leaders in favour of citizens in the name of democracy. And by the medium of same political illusion, political parties and leaders adopt the laws and regulation for the country and people by perfecting their own interest. The situation to agitate against people is interest and activities they show is not for the general people. However, or even if the political agents do any types of activities, they befool the people. The decision made by the political leaders goes to the account of party and the path issued by the party becomes the path finder. This is to say the decision of political leader is conceived as the conclusion of citizens. Therefore, political leaders become all in all in the developing countries. Thus, political parties and the leaders are against people and the state, both of them being developed from the aristocratic form. The source of corruption is certain there. If so, corruption prevails rapidly in the societies.
We discussed shortly the characteristics of the developed and the developing countries. The poor or developing country will have to face serious difficulties to keep face with the developed countries. All the countries of the world have the natural right to gain the equal opportunity of development and make balanced development. The solution of the problems faced by the developing countries can be had only through anticorruptology as discussed in previous sections.
A. Developed Countries
B. Developing Countries
Let us analyze their characteristics from the view point of anticorruptology. Anticorruptology should prescribe policy by looking at the characteristics of these two categories which are as follows:
A. Characteristics of Developed Countries:-
1. Agricultural and Industrial Development,
2. Modern technology and Proper Management,
3. Control overpopulation and Employment management,
4. Controlled Market and Financial Growth,
5. Establishment of Constitutional State.
1. Agricultural and Industrial Development:-
In the developed countries, both agricultural and industrial sectors are developed and well established. The use of modern tools and techniques of agricultural practice have made them developed. They have built all kinds of infrastructures. Europe and America fall under this category.
2. Modern Techniques and Proper Management:-
Those countries in which modern techniques and proper management are used, have developed. They ensure to make development of the road and electricity. Appropriate techniques are developed and efficient management applies them in good use.
3. Control overpopulation and employment management:-
The developed countries control the population growth so that all adults could be provided jobs. For small population employment facility can be provided. All the citizens get employed according to their qualification and working capacity. These countries import human resources to make up the gap. The developed countries decide fixed wages for workers.
4. Controlled Market and Economic Growth:-
The key to the developed countries is controlled market and economic growth. Goods are easily accessible in the market and their fixed price helps to control corruption. Good market facility is available in developed country.
5. Establishment of Constitutional State:-
In the developed countries, law is strictly enforced and active. Where there is proper management of law, then is a developed country. In this type of system, law is regarded as the guardian of citizens. Law is equal for all people.
B. Characteristics of Developing Countries:-
The countries which have weak economy and lack of development of industries are considered developing countries. They belong to the continents like Latin America, Africa and Asia. In the developing countries, there are natural resources but there is no proper utilization. These countries are exploited by the developed countries. Per-capita income of a person is very low in the developing countries .Citizens have to face the problems like unemployment, improper education, health, nutritional diet and good shelter. Developing countries have following types of characteristics:-
1. Agro-based Profession,
2. Traditional Technologies,
3. Poverty and lack of capital,
4. High Population Growth Rate,
5. Unemployment,
6. Mass Poverty,
7. Discrimination in the Income,
8. Development of Uncontrolled Market,
9. Influence of foreign non-governmental Organizations,
10. Irresponsible community,
11. Institutionalized Corruption,
12. Antinationalist activities of political parties and leaders.
1. Agro-based Profession:
People of developing countries mostly depend upon agriculture. Their main source of income is agriculture. The farmers usually live in the villages. They are poorer than those who live in the town. All the farm products are to be sold in the market; and, in the market, traders exploit the farmers. That’s why, people working in the agriculture sector have not been able to raise their income.
2. Traditional Technology:
The developing countries do not change the technologies used in the past. To adopt the modern technology, people need fresh thinking. People who have low income cannot afford modern technology. That’s why people can’t leave the traditional method. Traditional technology does not help to get rich.
3. Poverty and Lack of capital:
Poverty means the lack of basic resource to meet needs. And lack of capital means no saving. According to the economic principle capital is the source of increasing production. Capital depends upon saving and saving depends upon income. In the developing countries. There is less chance of saving. That’s why; the man who cannot save money becomes poor. A poor person does not have capital.
4. High Population Growth Rate:-
There is no control of population growth in the developing countries. Due to the lack of education and awareness people procreate a large number of children. It leads to increase population growth. Income sources of those countries cannot afford high number of population. Finally, in those societies poverty surfaces. And people think about illegal and corrupt ways.
5. Unemployment:-
Unemployment means that the persons who are eligible work have not got any job. The main problem of developing countries is unemployment. People are ready to work but are not provided job. So, they are moving to other countries for employment. Citizens going abroad is not good for the country. If the rate of unemployment is increased, the people may not follow the pressure of moral dictum.
6. Mass Poverty:-
The main problem of the developing countries is mass poverty. There are no any further steps and processes taken in order to get rid of poverty. Due to poverty, people change their behaviours and attitude which finally lead them to corruption.
7. Discrimination in the Income:-
In the context of developing countries, people face discrimination in income. Firstly there is lack of jobs. Secondly even if the job is available, there is no enough salary. So, the people have to face the poverty problem. There will be discrimination of salary/payment in which one may get less salary than others, due to this situation, the environments of zero trust can be created in the society increasing the frustration and bad will.
8. Development of Uncontrolled Market
In the developing countries, market development is not in controlled way. As the market is captured or taken under by the active people, why, the total capacity and fixed prices of different goods are not fixed. If the market is not in controlled condition, the consumers have to face economic load. On the other hand the dealer/retailer/shopkeeper tends to have unrightfully economy. Because of these reasons, many people are poor in the developing countries.
9. Influence of foreign non-governmental organizations:-
Foreign Non-governmental organizations exercise unfair influence over the developing states. They try to alter the entire life-style of the people by changing their religion, culture and tradition. All people in the world are surviving according to their own values and norms. Foreign country should not interfere the culture, values and norms accepted by any one state or the society. But, the changing of one’s own values, religion and cultural conditions has begun because of the direct colonization over the developing territories by the non-governmental institutions of the advanced sides. It creates a lot of conflict tension in the poor countries.
10. Irresponsible community:-
The responsible community for the development of the society should be active through their organization. The community should be wholly responsible and accountable to the society from whom the community was formed. The communities should be responsible for all the activities performed by them. It is very difficult to organize and operate such community in the developing countries. This is the reason why all the irresponsible sections of the people are powerful as the spokes men. Not only in social, economic and political arenas, but also in all the fields of the state such as public administration, the majority of irresponsible persons are effectual. This is the obstacle against the progress of the people and the land.
11. Institutionalized Corruption:-
Corruption can develop itself as the institutionalized form in the developing districts. Corruption has been in the institutionalized form where more than single folks make partnership to corrupt. Similarly, corruption surfaces by forming any law or decision of political leaders that leaves the impression as the institutional corruption. The business/commercial offices or agents of advanced side are dominating to the poor states by building commercial network in the developing countries. The selfish and clever agents of these dominated states can exploit the general people by conducting the law to use corruption over the country, people and the nationality.
12. Antinational activities of political leaders and parties:-
Antinational activities of political parties or political leaders in the developing nations can be waxed highly in uncontrolled forms. That can prevail every decision of political parties and leaders in favour of citizens in the name of democracy. And by the medium of same political illusion, political parties and leaders adopt the laws and regulation for the country and people by perfecting their own interest. The situation to agitate against people is interest and activities they show is not for the general people. However, or even if the political agents do any types of activities, they befool the people. The decision made by the political leaders goes to the account of party and the path issued by the party becomes the path finder. This is to say the decision of political leader is conceived as the conclusion of citizens. Therefore, political leaders become all in all in the developing countries. Thus, political parties and the leaders are against people and the state, both of them being developed from the aristocratic form. The source of corruption is certain there. If so, corruption prevails rapidly in the societies.
We discussed shortly the characteristics of the developed and the developing countries. The poor or developing country will have to face serious difficulties to keep face with the developed countries. All the countries of the world have the natural right to gain the equal opportunity of development and make balanced development. The solution of the problems faced by the developing countries can be had only through anticorruptology as discussed in previous sections.